Liao Chengzhi

Liao Chengzhi was a Chinese politician. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1928, and rose to the position of director of the Xinhua News Agency; after 1949, he worked in various positions related to foreign affairs, most prominently president of the Beijing Foreign Languages Institute, president of the Sino-Japanese Friendship Society, and Minister of the Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs.

Early life

Liao was born in the neighbourhood of Tokyo in 1908 to father
Liao Zhongkai and mother He Xiangning. His father, a native of in Huizhou, Guangdong, had wanted to study abroad ever since he was a student at Hong Kong's ; he left his wife behind in Hong Kong to pursue his studies in Tokyo in January 1903, but she joined him there just three months later. She pursued education there as well, taking time off after young Liao was born, but returning to school just six months later. Liao was overweight as a child; even his own parents referred to him as "fatty" . His parents became members of the Kuomintang very early on; Sun Yat-sen was a frequent visitor to their household, sparking the young Liao's interest in politics. His family moved frequently; the young Liao attended school in Tokyo, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.

Liao returned to his parents' home of Guangdong in 1923, where he entered the middle school attached to Lingnan University.

Fighting the Nationalists and Japan

In August 1933, Liao bid farewell to his mother and, under the orders of the Party, proceeded to the Sichuan-Shaanxi area carrying Kuomintang codes which would allow the Communists to decrypt their telegraph messages. After his arrival there, he became Secretary of the Politburo of the Chinese Red Army's Fourth Front Army. However, he offended his superior Zhang Guotao by pointing out some of his ideological errors; Zhang Guotao criticised Liao as a "member of a Kuomintang family" and had him arrested. He spent two more years in a CPC prison, and thus ended the Long March as a criminal, but was restored to good standing in the Party in late 1936 while in northern Shaanxi by Mao Zedong and his old friend Zhou Enlai. He then began his work with the Red China News Agency, 's forerunner, where he put his international experience to good use, translating news into , , , and . His mother arranged for Jing Puchun to be sent there as well, as a surprise for her son; the two had a joyous reunion at the docks as Liao stepped off his ship, and married soon after, on 11 January 1938. Liao left Hong Kong in January 1941, but after the Imperial Japanese Army and the city, he was chosen for his fluency in Japanese along with Lian Guan to sneak back in and establish contact with fellow revolutionaries who had been trapped there; by May, he had helped over 500 people escape from Hong Kong, including his mother, Soong Ching-ling, Mao Dun, Xia Yan, Liang Shuming, Cai Chusheng, Liu Yazi , Hu Feng , Hu Sheng , and Zou Taofen . In March 1980, with his health worsening, Liao flew to the United States to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery at the Stanford University's . He remained overweight even in his twilight years; after his surgery, his wife tried to manage his diet more closely, but he continued to eat fatty foods and smoke the occasional cigarette.

Li Xiucheng

Li Xiucheng , eminent military leader of the Taiping Rebellion, and known during his military tenure as the King of Zhong and "Loyal Prince Lee" by Western Sources. He served loyally under Hong Xiuquan's Taiping Administration, led Taiping forces to many military victories. He was executed by Zeng Guofan after interrogation in 1864,Li is the most important general and soul person for post-Taiping Rebellion.

Wins

Second rout the Army Group Jiangnan

The Army Group Jiangnan were Qing military encircle the Nanjing in strategy, It has two times, the second encircle that Qing military putin 200,000 soldiers from March 1858, but it had been routed by Li Xiucheng in May 1860 and occupied rich Jiangsu Province all except shanghai.

2 times attack Shanghai

Escaped from Suzhou:Sadness

Li Xiucheng' Mansion built in Suzhou where was the only one of Taiping Rebellion that exists today,In July 1863, Li ordered his daughter' husband Tan SauGuan take over control Suzhou. but Li Hongzhang leaded the Why Army combined by the "Ever Victorious Army," which, having been raised by an American named Frederick Townsend Ward, was placed under the command of Charles George Gordon. With this support Li Hongzhang gained numerous victories leading to the surrender of Suzhou.

Determining battle:lead defend capital Nanjing

Chiang Donkey

The Chiang Donkey was Li Xiucheng stable manager. Before the Nanjing fall down 3 months in 1864, Li Xiucheng took his wealth included much treasure to Chiang Donkey, and wanna Chiang took it leave out Nanjing quickly and watting Li Xiucheng at somewhere. Chiang promised and took treasure by 20 horses and cows car, but Li executed at last. Chiang Donkey became the first rich in Nanjing after civil war.

It could explained Chiang Kai-shek and Li Zongren some secret relation by Buddhism passed 60 years.

Write

In ''Zhong Prince Li Xiucheng Describes Himself'' , the autobiographical account of a prince of the Heavenly Kingdom written shortly before his .

Sons

*Li Ronfar Battle of Shanghai

?Li Xiucheng had three daughters, their husbands were Taiping‘s generals:
*Tan SauGuan
*Chen Binwen

Sources

Tiān Guó Zwi

Li photo look so sad and blue hero

Li Shixian

Li ShixianLi Xiucheng's uncle son, giant Guangxi's person, eminent military leader of the post-Taiping Rebellion, and known during his military tenure as the King of Shi . He led Taiping forces to many military victories late. He was Assassination by betrayer in Guangdong.

Wins

Second rout the Army Group Jiangnan

The Army Group Jiangnan were Qing military encircle the Nanjing in strategy, It has two times, the second encircle that Qing military putin 200,000 soldiers from March 1858, but it had been sally and routed by Li Shixian in May 1860 and occupied rich Zhejiang Province all.

Loss

Zuo Zongtang attack

Qing ordered Zuo Zongtang attack Li Shixian and receptured Zhejiang from 1862, these battles very hot, Li lead about 350,000 Taiping forces resistance Zuo Zongtang's army in Zhejiang Province till 1864 the Nanjing fell down, Li Shixian remainsd 200,000 Taiping forces gave out Zhejiang and escaped toward to Fujian alone the sea shore.

40000 soldiers:the last Taiping forces

At last, Li remained 40,000 cameback to eastern Guangdong, the Guangdong was many Taiping forces of the first generation homeland leaved from 1850, Zuo Zongtang orded 6 major generals lead 70,000 Qing army sieged them in Jiaoling County May 1 1865, 20,000 Taiping forces surrender. Li made up a monk and escaped, May 23 he came back to Taiping forces he had been leaded and blamed his subordinate and wanna retook this army, they betrayed killed him.

These Qing generals and 20,000 Taiping forces surrender attended the Sino-French War in 1883.

Zhu De

Zhū Dé was a miltary leader and statesman. He is regarded as the founder of the Chinese Red Army and the tactician who engineered the revolution from which emerged the People's Republic of China.

Early life

Zhu De was born into a large and very poor farming family in Yilong County, a hilly and isolated section of northern Sichuan province. After a secondary education funded by his uncle, the only member of the family capable of doing so, and only after a family decision that he be the beneficiary of an education, Zhu felt obliged to enroll for the district examinations despite his dislike for the traditional Confucian education system. Zhu passed these examinations, to his surprise, and was awarded a xiucai degree.

Zhu hid these results from his family and traveled to Chengdu to study physical education. In 1904 he enrolled in a middle school and studied the Classics in preparation for the civil service exam. He then went to Chengdu to study physical education and in 1908 entered a secondary school. Shortly thereafter, he enrolled in the Yunnan Military Academy, where he was likely first exposed to the ideals of Sun Yat-sen's ''Tongmenghui'' , which he joined 1912. He also joined the ''Gelao Hui'', or Elder Brother secret society.

At the Yunnan Military Academy in Kunming, he came under the influence of Cai E , and taught at the Academy after his graduation in July 1911 from the academy's first class. Zhu was with Brigader Cai in the October 1911 expeditionary force attacking Manchu forces in Sichuan, and in 1915-16 was a regimental commander in the campaign to unseat Yuan Shikai. When Cai became governor of Sichuan after Yuan's death in June 1916, Zhu was made a brigade commander.

Following the death of his mentor Cai E, and his own wife, Zhu fell into a depression and developed a strong opium habit, falling further into a life of decadence and warlordism. In 1920, after his troops were driven from Sichuan toward the Tibet border, he returned to Yunnan as a public security commissioner of the provincial government. Around this time, his second wife and child were murdered by rival warlords, which may have contributed to his decision to leave China for study in Europe. He first travelled to Shanghai where he broke his opium habit and apparently met Dr Sun Yat-sen. He attempted to join the Chinese Communist Party in early 1922, but was rejected due to his former warlord ties.

In late 1922, Zhu went to Europe, studying at in Germany from 1922 to 1925 at which point he met Zhou Enlai and was expelled from the country by the government for his role in a number of student protests. Around this time, he joined the Communist Party. Zhou Enlai was one of his sponsors. In July 1925, he traveled to the Soviet Union to study military affairs. In July 1926, he returned to China and undertook to persuade Sichuan warlord Yang Sen to support the , but failed. Soon after, he was named head of a new military institute in Nanchang.

In 1927, following the collapse of the First United Front, Liu Bocheng and Zhou Enlai ordered Zhu to lead a force against the Nanchang Uprising. However, as he had helped to orchestrate this uprising, Zhu and his army defected from the Guomindang and fought against them. The uprising failed to gather the support of the local working class, however, and he was forced to flee Nanchang with his army. Under the fake name Wang Kai, Zhu managed to find shelter from a warlord Fan Shisheng for his remaining regiment. He eventually expanded his force.

Zhu's close affiliation with Mao Zedong began in 1928 when under the assistance of and Lin Biao, Zhu brought his army of 10,000 men to the where Mao had formed a soviet in 1927. From these humble beginnings, Zhu built the into a skilled force that consolidated and expanded the PLA areas of control.

Zhu was the military expert, and Mao was the political expert. They needed each other.

Zhu's bravery and skill in leading these men made him a figure of immense prestige. Locals credited him with supernatural abilities. During this time Mao and Zhu became so closely connected that to the local peasant farmers they were known collectively as "Zhu Mao".

In 1929 Zhu and Mao were forced to flee Jinggangshan to Ruijin to the East following Guomindang military pressure. Here they formed the Jiangxi Soviet which would eventually grow to cover some 30, 000 square kilometers and include some three million people. In 1931 Zhu was appointed leader of the Red Army in the Ruijin by the CCP leadership. Zhu successfully led a conventional military force against the Guomindang during the ; however he was not able to do the same during the and reluctantly the CCP began to make preparations to flee the Jiangxi Soviet. Zhu helped to form the 1934 break out from the soviet that would begin the Long March.

During the Long March, Zhu De and Zhang Guotao commanded the "western column" of the Red Army, which barely survived the retreat through Sichuan Province.

In Yan'an, Zhu directed the reconstruction of the Red Army under the political guidance of Mao.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War, he held the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army. In 1940 Zhu De devised and organized the Hundred Regiments Offensive without the support of Mao. This campaign was very successful but has since been attributed as the main provocation for the devastating Japanese Three Alls Policy.

After 1949, Zhu was named Commander-in-Chief of the People's Liberation Army . He was also the Vice-Chairman of the Communist Party and Vice-Chairman of the People's Republic of China . In 1950 Zhu De oversaw the PLA during the Korean War. In 1955, he was made a marshal.

In 1966, during the onset of the Cultural Revolution, Zhu De was dismissed from his position on the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. However, thanks to the support of Zhou Enlai he was not harmed or imprisoned. In 1971 Zhu was reinstated as the Chairman of the Standing Committee.

He continued to be a prominent and respected elder statesman until his death in July 1976.

Zhang Xiangxiang

Zhang Xiangxiang is a male weightlifter. He is an Olympic medalist. He won the bronze medal at the men's 56 kg class in Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics

He won the gold medal in the 62 kg class at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Zhang Fakui

Zhang Fakui was a Nationalist General.

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Zhang Fakui commanded the 8th Army Group in the Battle of Shanghai in 1937, 2nd Army Corps in the Battle of Wuhan in 1938. Commanded 4th War area from 1939 to 1944, defending Guangdong and Guangxi against the Japanese in South China, achieving a victory in the Battle of South Guangxi. Commander in Chief of the Guilin War Zone during the Japanese Operation Ichigo. As Commander in Chief 2nd Front Army he accepted the surrender of the Japanese Twenty-Third Army in at the end of the War.

There was a unique feature for the telephone conversations with Chiang Kai-Shek, because Zhang was a Hakka, and the two had difficulties in understanding each other: instead of simply hanging up the phone after giving out orders like he did to everyone else, during the conversation with Zhang, Chiang always asked Zhang if he understood what he had just said, and Chiang always waited until after Zhang gave an affirmative answer.

During the struggle against the Japanese, Zhang was among the first Army Corps commanders to ask the Chinese military to change its code because he discovered that Japanese could easily decode the Chinese code at the early stage of the war.

Towards the end of the Civil War, Zhang resigned and moved to Hong Kong. He had built schools back in his native village. He was the organizer of the First World Hakka Congress in Hong Kong.

Military career

*1926 General Officer Commanding IV Corps
*1926 - 1927 General Officer Commanding 12th Division
*1927 Retired
*1936 - 1937 Commander in Chief Zhejiang-Fujian-Anhui-Jiangsi Border Area
*1937 - 1938 Commander in Chief 8th Army Group
*1937 Commander in Chief Right Wing 3rd War Area
*1938 Commander in Chief 2nd Army Corps, Battle of Wuhan
*1939 - 1944 Commander in Chief 4th War Area
*1944 Commander in Chief Guilin War Zone
*1944 - 1945 Commander in Chief 2nd Front Army

Sources

* http://www.generals.dk/general/Chang_Fa-Kuei/_/China.html
* Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War 2nd Ed., 1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung, Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China.

Zeng Qinghong

Zeng Qinghong was the Vice-President of the People's Republic of China from 2003 to 2008. He became a member of the and member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee during the 2002 16th Party Congress. Although he was formally ranked fifth in the nine PSC members, Zeng's actual power was believed to be second only to President Hu Jintao. Since the retirement of his patron Jiang Zemin, Zeng was the primary force behind the party's organization and personnel.

Early life

A Hakka native of Ji'an, Jiangxi Province, Zeng was born in July 1939. He graduated from Beijing 101 Middle School and the Automatic Control Department, Beijing Institute of Technology. Like the eight other members of the 16th Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee, Zeng is an engineer, a specialist in automatic control systems. He joined the Communist Party of China in April 1960. Zeng belongs to the elite group of China's so-called Communist "Crown Prince Party," the children of veteran revolutionaries.

Zeng spent the early part of his career as a technician in the military defense industry in Beijing. He was sent down to do manual labor on PLA bases in Hunan and Guangdong during the Cultural Revolution. With the opening of the reform era, Zeng joined the State Development and Reform Commission in 1979 and then held a series of management positions in the state petroleum sector.

Climbing the ranks

In 1984, Zeng moved to the Shanghai Municipal Government, where he became a key ally of then-mayor Jiang Zemin. When Jiang was elevated to national leadership in Beijing following the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, he brought Zeng Qinghong along as his trusted adviser.

As the Deputy director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee from 1989 to 1993, Zeng guided Jiang, an outsider to national politics, through the inner workings of the party, military and bureaucratic structure in Beijing. He promoted Jiang's leadership and thinking, broadened Jiang's network, and became Jiang's right-hand-man. Over the 1990s, Zeng consolidated control of party organs responsible for the appointment of cadres to important political positions. As head of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee from 1999-2002, he strengthened Jiang's position by promoting members of the president's "Shanghai clique" to leading central and regional posts. He also helped advanced Jiang's guiding political philosophy the Three Represents.

Over the next decade, he acquired a fearsome reputation as Jiang's hatchet against rivals. In 1992 he helped bring down the powerful, elder PLA Generals Yang Shangkun and Yang Baibing, who threatened Jiang's support within the military. Then, he used an anti-corruption campaign to orchestrate the downfall of Beijing party secretary and Jiang's foe Chen Xitong.

On July 20, 1999, The Jiang Zemin regime started cracking down Falun Gong. On July 23, 1999, a person in charge of the CCP Organization Department made a statement to a People's Daily reporter and requested that the entire CCP should participate in the movement of persecuting Falun Gong. In January 2001, Zeng Qinghong spoke in the center group meeting of the CCP Organization Department and emphasized that Communist Party branches and departments at all levels should participate in the long-term combat with “Falun Gong”. On April 20, 2001, Zeng Qinghong spoke in the 4th Chinese Countryside "Three Represents" Important Thought Study and Education Conference and requested suppressing Falun Gong and reeducating Falun Gong practitioners. Zeng Qinghong’s speech was documented as the CCP Organization Department’s “Document No. 11 Distributed by the CCP Organization Department” and was sent to everywhere in the country for studying.

National politics

After the 16th Party Congress in 2002, he has been a member of the 16th CPC Central Committee, a member of its Political Bureau and of the , the Party's central decision making body, and a member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee.

On 6 June 2003, Zeng issued an order "not to play or sing 'The Internationale' in any provincial, city or county level party or party member meetings." The move further characterized China's movement away from the traditional norms of communist doctrine.

Although Jiang stepped down from the powerful Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China to make way for a younger "" of leadership led by Hu Jintao, Jiang will probably continue to wield significant influence with the help of Zeng. Due in large measure to Zeng's efforts, six out of the nine new members of the Standing Committee, including Zeng as well as Wu Bangguo, Jia Qinglin, Huang Ju, Wu Guanzheng, and Li Changchun are linked to Jiang's "Shanghai Clique" and considered his protégés. The 22-member Politburo is elected by the Party's central committee. Real power in Communist China lies with this committee, which works as a kind of inner cabinet and groups together the country’s most influential leaders. At the 2002 16th Party Congress, the Standing Committee was expanded to include nine members.

As Jiang Zemin reached the end of his term, many observers speculated that Jiang preferred Zeng Qinghong over Hu Jintao as his successor. But Hu prevailed in succeeding Jiang. Zeng subsequently became Vice-President in March 2003. During the SARS outbreak, Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao took very strong and assertive action while Zeng and other Jiang loyalists receded to the background. Zeng was also expected to succeed Hu as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission as a condition of Jiang's resignation from the chairmanship in favor of Hu. However, when Jiang stepped down on September 19, 2004, Xu Caihou and not Zeng replaced Hu.

Although known as a Jiang loyalist, most observers speculate that Zeng is more liberal than his mentor, and interested in political reform to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of party and state operations. Zeng remains an important figure within the highest ranks of party leadership. After the death of Zhao Ziyang, the former party secretary who lost power following the Tiananmen Square protests, Zeng worked as the intermediary between the Zhao's family and the senior party leadership. Zeng Qinghong has the head of the Ministry of State Security, known as China's top intelligence gathering bureau, report directly to him as his father was the former director of this agency. When Shanghai party chief Chen Liangyu was dismissed in September 2006, Zeng led the anti-corruption task force against the staunch Jiang ally. The move was seen as a mild rebuke to his links with Jiang.

In August 2007, Zeng headed a delegation of several high-ranking Central Government representatives at the celebrations at the 60th Anniversary of the founding of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

During the Zeng was removed from the , making him ineligible for election to the . His removal, which is seen as his retirement because of age, means he will no longer serve on the Communist Party's secretariat and no longer oversee the party's organization. His Vice-presidency ended in March 2008 at the 2008 National People's Congress. Before his retirement, however, Zeng used his political strength to secure the elevation of Xi Jinping into the Politburo Standing Committee. Xi is now one of the two main candidates to succeed current president Hu Jintao.